Rethinking Exam Integrity: From Open v. Closed Exams to Controlled Access

Over the past decade, law school exams have steadily expanded beyond the traditional in-class, closed-book model. Driven by ABA guidance, increased accommodations, and evolving pedagogy, schools adopted open-book, take-home, and hybrid formats at scale. The COVID period accelerated that shift, normalizing flexible, resource-rich exam environments supported by reliable take-home systems.